Q.1.1 Ribble (2011) identifies nine elements that make up digital citizenship, encompassing the issue of the use, abuse and misuse of technology. Briefly discuss these nine elements.

The nine elements of digital citizenship:

1. Digital Access: Not everyone has access to facilities to go online. Technology users need to take in consideration that not everyone has the same opportunities. Digital citizenship needs to take in consideration the fact that everyone should be treated equally when it comes to the internet and computer access. If people receive "digital rights" they could be more involved and informed of what is happening in the public. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 24)
2. Digital Commerce: This is known as "online shopping".  (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 153)
3. Digital Communication: This is when having an conversation via technology. Its the exchange of information via the media. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 64)
4. Digital Literacy: This is when you are able to use communication electronics and information to find, distinguish, design and present information using both cognitive and electronic skills. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 41)
5. Digital etiquette: This is seen as a set of rules or morals when using the internet. When people interact on social media like emails, whatsapp etc. they should be aware and make use of this set of rules to maintain well online behavior. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 85)
6. Digital Law: Digital law is “defined as the electronic responsibility for actions, deeds which is either ethical or unethical” (Digiteen, 2014).
7. Digital Rights and Responsibilities: This is the guidelines the benefits and freedom which is meant for every user in the online world.  (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 95)
8. Digital Health and Wellness: This is the physical and psychological well being of everyone and everything in the online world. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 140)
9. Digital Security: These are the rules and regulations to help and guide you in the online in order to stay safe. (Digital Citizenship Module Manual, 2016: 21)